Click subjects on the left to view the respective topics covered
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Detailed study of the Bill of Lading and the Indian Bills of Lading
Act, 1856, with critical analysis of sections.
- Law of Carriage -- Detailed study of Hague Rules, the Indian
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925, as amended; Hague-Visby Rules
and Hamburg Rules.
- Indian Legislation on Multimodal Transportation; Multimodal Transportation
of Goods Act, 1993 (Indian), and amendments thereof; Multimodal
Transport Document -- Observations of users and carriers; UNCTAD/ICC
rules on MTO; COMBIDOC and FIATA Mulltimodal Transport Bill of Lading.
Risks and liabilities of the multimodal carrier.
- Collision law -- Related Convention and apportionment of blame.
- Salvage and Towage -- Related contracts; Lloyds Open Form.
- Limitation of Liability of Carrier -- Related conventions and
method of calculations.
- Admiralty Jurisdiction -- Methods of enforcement of marine liens
and arrest of vessels.
- International Conventions related to Pollution Claims -- Civil
Liability Protocol, 1992 and Fund Protocol, 1992 as amended; OPA
1990.
- Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (along with amendments) -- with reference
to registration of Indian ships; limitation of liability of shipowners;
receiver of wreck.
- Marine Accidents -- reporting/investigation.
- The Customs Act, 1962 -- Provisions relating to ships carrying
imported/exported goods (Sec. 29 to 42); power to search vessel
(Sec. 106); power to confiscate vessel (Sec. 115); penalty for short-landing
of goods (Sec. 116), criminal prosecution (Sec. 135 -- only outline);
passenger baggage regulations (appendix A, x-xi).
- Marine Frauds -- Preventive measures and role of International
Maritime Bureau.
- Implications of switch and split bills of lading.
NOTE: Above topics to be supported by relevant case study/law
and illustrations.
PART A: SHIPPING ECONOMICS
- Preparation of final accounts after completion of a time charter.
- Sale and purchase of ships -- process; role of brokers; inspection
and valuation; memorandum of agreement; standard forms including
SALEFORM; necessary documentation; standard contracts for new building
and demolition.
- Investment appraisal in shipping -- at national and enterprise
level.
- Economics of scrapping and laying up of ships.
- Budget and cost control in shipping.
- Use of computers in shipping -- voyage estimates and preparation
of accounts.
PART B: SHIPPING FINANCE
- Financing of ship
acquisition; investment in shipping; sources of finance; payments
for purchase and/or construction of ships from abroad.
- Foreign exchange
-- impact of exchange rates on shipping. Relevant sections of legislation
e.g., Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (including all amendments
and revisions) regarding remittances for - (a) Collection of freight,
(b) Acquisition of ships (c) Other related matters.
- Balance of payments
with reference to the role of shipping and factors having influence
on this.
- 10. Role of banks
in shipping and banking procedures regarding documentary credit/UCP,
500.
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Risk management -- concept, process and practice.
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Origin and history of insurance.
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Principles of insurance and their applications to marine insurance
-- insurable interest, utmost good faith, indemnity, subrogation,
contribution and proximate cause.
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Marine insurance markets in India and abroad -- GIC and its subsidiaries;
Lloyd's of London.
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Hull and machinery insurance -- basis of underwriting/rating; Institute
Clauses -- time and voyage.
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Cargo Insurance -- underwriting/rating considerations; premium extras;
Institute Cargo Clauses, A, B and C; Institute War Clauses; Institute
Strike Clauses; Institute Classification Clause.
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Inland Transit Clauses A, B and C and Inland FOB Extension Clause.
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Cargo insurance claims -- types of losses/expenses; PA, GA, CTL,
ATL; salvage and sue & labour expenses; forwarding charges,
extra charges; cargo claims -- surveys, documentation and procedure;
standard, non-standard and ex-gratia claims.
-
Legal aspects of insurer's recovery claims against shipowner.
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General Average -- principles and practice; York Antwerp Rules 1994;
general average adjustment.
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Protection and Indemnity Clubs -- risks covered and practice.
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Freight Insurance -- freight at risk; Institute Time Clauses (Freight).
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Types of policies -- specific policies, open policy, open cover
and cover note.
-
Government of India War Risk Insurance Scheme -- salient points
and comparison with Institute War Clauses.
NOTE: Above topics to be supported by relevant case law, illustrations
and numerical example.
INTRODUCTION
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Types of ships for the trade; major cargoes; producing areas
and trades, their movement; methods of cargo handling for dry
cargo and tankers.
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Chartering market -- Different players, sale agreements, FOB,
CIF; factors influencing supply and demand; role of brokers; Baltic
Exchange, various freight indices and BIFFEX.
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Chartering contracts -- Voyage, time, bareboat-cum-demise charters;
contract of affreightment; different standard charterparty forms
for dry cargo and tankers and their salient features.
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Abbreviations and other chartering terms and definitions.
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Chartering market practice -- Offer, counter offer, negotiations,
finalisation of fixture; explanation of abbreviated fixture reports
in simple language.
- Do's and dont's of a chartering manager.
DRY CARGO CHARTERING
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Laytime calculations -- Types of laytime; importance of Notice
of Readiness; commencement and termination of time; detailed knowledge
of statement of facts and time sheets; calculation of demurrage
and despatch; charterparty laytime definitions.
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Voyage estimates and calculations; stowage and loading zones.
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Financial aspects of chartering contracts (voyage and time) --
freight and hire calculations and payment methods.
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Post-fixture aspects of chartering.
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NYPE Inter-Club Agreement, 1996.
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Charterparty disputes: Voyage Charters -- arrived ship; laytime
calculations; deductions from freight; excepted periods. Time
Charters -- off-hire periods; final voyage; payment of hire; bunkers;
performance clauses.
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Frustration of charterparty.
NOTE: Study of GENCON 94 and NYPE 93 is recommended along with
detailed market reports.
B. TANKER CHARTERING
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Crude oil and various types of products and their movement; oil
terminals. Oil Transportation -- Indian scene.
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Technical aspects of tanker operations -- cleaning of tanks;
heating; inert gas system; crude oil washing; clean ballast tanks;
segregated ballast tanks; double hull, etc.
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Chartering markets -- oil majors and traders; importance of OPEC;
role of INTERTANKO and OCIMF.
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Laytime calculations - types of laytime; importance of Notice
of Readiness; commencement and termination of time; calculation
of demurrage.
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Worldscale; voyage estimates and calculations. AFRA.
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Post-fixture aspects of chartering.
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Charterparty disputes: Voyage Charters -- arrived ship; laytime
calculations; deductions from freight; excepted periods. Time
Charters -- off-hire periods; final voyage; payments of hire;
bunkers; performance clauses.
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Oil transportation -- losses and claims.
NOTE: Study of ASBATANKVOY and SHELLTIME 4 is recommended along
with detailed market reports.
- (a) Ships for the Traffic.
Breakbulk -- GP/Multidecker/Tweendecker/RoRo, etc.
Container Carrier -- Container oriented vessel/Cellular container
vessel.
(b) Players (vessel owners, operators, lines, NVOCCs/MTOs/consolidators,
forwarders, freight brokers). Roles and liabilities as carriers.
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(a) Types of liner cargoes, breakbulk and unitized up to and
including containerized cargo,barge carriers, RRos, etc.
(b) Handling and transportation equipment on ships, at berth and
at ICDs/CFSs/CYs.
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Stowage planning -- general/breakbulk as well as container carrying
vessels. Basic concepts and objectives.
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Handling of IMO-Hazardous cargoes.
Stowage in ships and containers.
Indian Ports rules -- packaging/precautions.
Aim and implementation of the above.
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Liner Documentation:
(a) Freight and cargo manifest, EGM/IGM, mate's receipt.
Container load plans and shipping notes.
(b) Variations of the basic Bs/L including waybills.
(i) Difference between Bs/L under CP and Liner Bs/L.
(ii) NVOCC/FIATA Bs/L, House Bs/L or Forwarders Bs/L
CT Bills of Lading/MTD.
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Concept of Multimodal Transport.
Advantages and disadvantages.
Container leasing methods.
Infrastructure requirements.
Consolidation of cargoes, deconsolidation -- ICDs, CFSs, CYs.
Loss prevention and insurance.
Role of TT Clubs.
Problems and progress in the Indian scene including legislation
and Customs Conventions.
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Pricing -- Principles of Liner Tariff.
Theory of FAK v/s commodity based tariff.
Tariff rate calculations. Brussels Tariff Nomenclature. Various
surcharges.
Different types of rates for breakbulk and containerised cargoes.
Application of marginal costing.
- Liner Agents
(a) Duties and responsibilities with respect to the FONASBA Standard
Liner Agency Agreement.
(b) Relationship with Principal and Port Authorities, Terminal Operators,
D.G. Shipping, Customs, Freight Brokers, etc.
(c) Office organisation, marketing operations and finance.
(d) Agency remuneration.
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(a) Conferences - Types, roles, future of conferences and their
relevance
in current market scenarios.
Conferences v/s independent operators, mergers, alliances.
(b) U.N. Liner Code -- Role of UNCTAD.
(c) Consortia; slot and space chartering; concept of feedering
and hub ports; pooling, etc.
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Changing role of Liner Agents with liberalization and globalisation.
Survival strategies.
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Glossary of Terms
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